Apoptosis & Necrosis
Apoptosis & Necrosis Detection
Comprehensive cell death detection platforms — distinguish apoptotic and necrotic pathways to characterize the severity of skin irritation and corrosion responses.
Cell Death Pathways in Skin Irritation
Skin irritation and corrosion are fundamentally defined by the extent and mechanism of cell death induced by chemical exposure. Mild irritants may trigger limited apoptosis (programmed cell death), while corrosive substances cause widespread necrosis with loss of membrane integrity. Distinguishing between these pathways is essential for hazard classification and determining the irritation potential of personal care ingredients. Enzo Life Sciences provides gold-standard cell death detection kits — from early apoptosis markers (phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase activation) to late necrosis indicators (membrane permeability, LDH release) — enabling complete characterization of cell death mechanisms in skin safety testing.
Annexin V / PI Dual Staining
Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy kits using Annexin V-FITC (or -APC) and propidium iodide for simultaneous detection of early apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI−), late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+), and necrotic (Annexin V−/PI+) cell populations in keratinocyte irritation models.
Caspase Activity Assays
Luminescent and fluorometric activity assay kits for caspase-3/7 (executioner caspases), caspase-8 (extrinsic pathway), and caspase-9 (intrinsic pathway). Map the apoptotic cascade activated by irritant substances to understand the mechanism of cell death induction.
TUNEL & DNA Fragmentation
TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay kits for detecting apoptotic DNA fragmentation in situ. Compatible with reconstructed human skin models, tissue sections, and cell monolayers for histological assessment of irritation-induced apoptosis.
LDH & Membrane Integrity
Cytotoxicity detection kits measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as a quantitative marker of plasma membrane damage and necrotic cell death. The gold-standard endpoint for OECD TG 439 skin irritation testing using EpiDerm and SkinEthic reconstructed tissue models.
Featured Products
Explore our most popular kits and reagents for this application area:
- Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit
- Caspase-3/7 Activity Assay Kit
- Caspase-8 Activity Assay Kit
- TUNEL Assay Kit (In Situ)
- Cytotoxicity Detection Kit (LDH)
Apoptosis & Necrosis Detection — By the Numbers
Characterize Cell Death Pathways
Contact our team to discuss your testing requirements or request product recommendations for your specific application.